Single Wall Custom Laser Flow Tubes

Cascade Laser manufactures standard and custom high quality laser flow tubes from a variety of different materials. Laser flow tubes are most often used around laser lamps and laser rods in water cooled lamp pumped lasers. The materials we offer on a regular basis are Pyrex, Quartz, Cerium Doped Quartz, and Samarium Doped Glass.

The material chosen for the laser flow tube will depend on your application. Here is a brief overview of each material we offer....

Pyrex Glass

Pyrex Glass is by far the most popular material for laser flow tubes. It blocks all UV Light below 300nm, so it makes an excellent and inexpensive filter for this reason. While Pyrex blocks a lot of the UV wavelength, it does not have the added advantage that Cerium Doped Quartz has, of fluorescing in the visible range and creating higher pumping efficiency. All of our Pyrex flow tubes are cut to length, ground, flame polished, and then annealed to remove any stress in the glass. Pyrex glass comes in even metric sizes, for example 11mm OD, 12mm OD, and so on. The wall thickness increases slightly as the OD gets larger.

Quartz Glass

    Lamp and rod laser flow tube made of Pyrex or Quartz glass.
Quartz Glass is more expensive than Pyrex. The advantage to using Quartz Glass is when you need the flow tube to transmit deep into the UV range. Quartz will transmit UV down to about 200nm. All of our Quartz flow tubes are cut to length, ground, and then flame polished. Annealing is available on request, but it is not as important as it is when using Pyrex. Quartz glass comes in even metric sizes, for example 11mm OD, 12mm OD, and so on. The wall thickness may vary with the OD selected.

Typical flow tube finish after flame polish and annealing

Cerium Doped Quartz

Cerium Doped Quartz is more expensive than Pyrex Glass or standard Quartz Glass. The advantage to Cerium Doped Quartz is that it blocks the UV light down to around 380nm, virtually blocking all the UV. In addition, Cerium Doped Quartz fluoresces in the visible range and therefore slightly increases pump efficiency in many lasing mediums. Cerium Doped Quartz is generally available in even metric sizes like standard Quartz Glass, but not as many sizes are available. All of our Cerium Doped Quartz flow tubes are cut to length, ground, and then flame polished. The wall thickness may vary with the OD selected.

Samarium Doped Glass

Samarium Doped Glass is by far the most expensive option, sometimes by factors of 5 or even 10. Samarium Doped Glass blocks all UV light below 400nm, so it is an excellent UV filter. Like Cerium Doped Glass, Samarium Doped Glass also fluoresces in the visible range, causing a slight increase in pumping efficiency with some lasing mediums. The property that sets Samarium Doped Glass apart from Cerium Doped Glass, is that it also blocks the 1064nm wavelength. This is very important when pumping Nd:YAG lasers which operate at 1064nm, because the 1064nm wavelength coming from the lamp can interfere with the 1064nm wavelength created when pumping the Neodymium in the crystal.

Samarium Doped Glass flow tubes are very expensive because the flow tubes have to be machined out of a solid block of glass. Samarium Doped Glass can't be pulled into tubing. After the glass is machined to shape, it is ground and then polished to clear both inside and out. Finally it goes through a chemical curing process that strengthens the glass tube. Because Samarium is machined to size, it can be made in just about any size and shape you can imagine. We offer basic straight tubes, but we can also provide dual or triple hole tubes for use as laser cavities.

Flow tubes made from Cerium Doped and Samarium Doped Glass, plus other specialty materials.

Specialty materials fluorescing during UV exposure

Laser Rod and Lamp Flow Tube Assemblies

In addition to our capabilities with custom glass work, we also specialize in making custom flow tube assemblies to match your requirements. The flow tubes assemblies shown below are a small cross section of the type of work we can do. We have been making custom laser flow tube assemblies since the mid-1980's and we have a lot of experience with specifying materials, machining, and adhesives required to make a durable and functional product.

Some of our laser lamp and rod flow tube assemblies.